Management of the thyroiditides is largely supportive and hormone-replacement-based, with interest in adjuncts and precision approaches. For Hashimoto's thyroiditis with overt hypothyroidism, synthetic levothyroxine remains standard; liquid and soft-gel formulations are useful when absorption is impaired or complicated by drug interactions. Adjunctive myoinositol combined with selenium has shown modest benefit in reducing TSH and antithyroid antibody levels in subclinical autoimmune thyroiditis, though it is a supplement rather than a disease-modifying therapy. Subacute thyroiditis is self-limited and treated symptomatically — beta-blockers for hyperthyroid symptoms and NSAIDs or corticosteroids for thyroid pain — with continued interest in its post-viral triggers, including after COVID-19. Precision-medicine and nutritional strategies for autoimmune thyroiditis are being explored but remain investigational.
Further reading: precision medicine in autoimmune thyroiditis (Ferrari et al., 2021); thyroiditis evaluation and treatment (Martinez Quintero et al., 2021); nutritional management of Hashimoto's (Danailova et al., 2022).